Djibouti
OFFICIAL NAME: Djibouti
CAPITAL CITY: Djibouti
POPULATION: 828,000 (2015)
AREA: 23,200 km²
OFFICIAL/OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: French, Arabic, Somali, Afar
RELIGION: Muslims 94%, Christians 6%
CURRENCY: djibouti franc
CURRENCY CODE: DIAS
ENGLISH NAME: Djibouti
INDEPENDENCE: 1977
POPULATION COMPOSITION: issa 49%, afar 41%, other 10%
GDP PER CAPITA INH.: $ 1685 (2014)
LIFE EXPECTANCY: men 60 years, women 65 years (2015)
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, HDI: 0467
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, POSITION: 170
INTERNET DOMAIN NAME: .DJ
Djibouti, formerly French Somaliland, Afar and Issa Territory,
since 1977 independent republic in northeastern Africa with strategic location
at the entrance to the Red Sea.
National Flag
The flag was officially introduced in 1977. The blue color is linked to one
of the country's two dominant population groups, issa, and the green and white
color to the other, afar. According to the official explanation, the blue stands
for the sea, the green for the earth, the white for peace and the red for unity.
Geography
Djibouti is a small, poor country and completely dominated by the
capital Djibouti. It is one of the hottest and driest places in the world; in
July it is average. maximum temperature 42 °C. From the Red Sea coast, a sandy
and rocky desert rises into the Ethiopian highlands in the west. Along the way,
the desert is broken by mountain formations, lowland plains, the Afar depression
and the salt lake of Assal, whose surface is 156 m below sea level. It is
Africa's lowest point and part of the Rift Valley where it from the Red Sea
enters the African continent. The rainfall is in most places below 200 mm per
day. years, and only on the rainiest mountainsides there is woody vegetation.
According to AllCityPopulation.com,
the population is mainly made up of the two peoples afar and issa,
which are roughly equal. In addition, a significant element of French
technicians and personnel associated with the French military base, including a
contingent of the Foreign Legion. Both Afar and Issa are Sunni Muslims and
speak Cushitic languages, but Djibouti's official language is French. Afar is
particularly linked to the northern part and has close ties to Afar in Eritrea
and Ethiopia, while Issa, which traditionally inhabits the southern part of the
country, is a Somali people with clan connections into Somalia.. In addition, a
very significant number of refugees from famine and civil wars in the
region. Djibouti is one of the countries in the world that houses the highest
number of refugees in terms of population. Struggles between the Afar and the
Issa are frequent, and in the early 1990's an Afar-dominated guerrilla fought the
Ice-led government. Despite the close links with conflicting groups in
neighboring countries, Djibouti has remained strictly neutral in the conflicts
and has repeatedly negotiated solutions.
- Countryaah:
Do you know how many people there are in Djibouti? Check this site to see
population pyramid and resident density about this country.
Afar and issa are originally nomadic people with cattle, camel, sheep and
goat breeding, but in modern Djibouti these professions are only of marginal
importance. This also applies to agriculture in general, where dates and
tomatoes are grown in individual well-watered oases. The vast majority of the
country's food supply is imported, as is the growing consumption of the khat drug that
is flown in from Ethiopia as it is chewed completely fresh.
The economy is completely dominated by the transport and service
sectors. The port is large and modern and serves as a foreign port for much of
Ethiopia, to which the region's only railroad links between Djibouti and Addis
Ababa. However, continued expansion of the ports of Assab and Massawa in
Eritrea offered Djibouti increased competition until the war between Ethiopia
and Eritrea, which severed Ethiopia's connection to the sea by this route.
The strategic location and major transit trade, together with
well-functioning telecommunications and liberal laws, has meant that Djibouti
has become a regional banking and business center. However, the French military
base and substantial foreign aid resources remain vital to the foreign
economy. In 2003, the United States established a military base with the
headquarters of the Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa in Djibouti.
Constitution
Multi-party government with one president and two elected chambers was
introduced in 1992. Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1916-2006) became president at
independence in 1977 and was re-elected in 1993. In 1999, Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
(b. 1947, a nephew of his predecessor) won the presidential election. without
counter-candidates; he was re-elected in 2005.
History
The African area at Bab al-Mandab between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Adenwas
until the beginning of 1200-h. part of Christian Ethiopia, but various Muslim
groups then tried to fight for political independence. In the 1800's. the area
became the subject of both British and French interest. In 1839, Britain secured
Aden, while the French succeeded in securing control of the coastal land on the
Horn of Africa based on the small town of Obock. In the early 1880's, the French
territory expanded to include both sides of the Gulf of Tadjoura, and in 1888
the French built the port of Djibouti on the south side of the bay. In 1896, the
colony of French Somaliland (Côte française des Somalis) was declared and the
port city of Djibouti became the capital and center of the colony
administration. From 1967, the colony changed its name to the French Afar and
Issator Territory (Territoire français des Afars et des Issas). A referendum in
the same year prompted a majority to wish for continued affiliation with France,
but over the following decade more and more advocates of full independence
became. In 1977 the country became independent and applied for membership in the
same yearThe Arab League.
In 2000, a peace process began in the nine-year conflict between the
government and the Afar rebellion movement. The movement began in 2002 to
surrender and destroy its weapons, and there has been peace in the country ever
since.
In 2010, the constitution was amended to allow incumbent President Ismail
Omar Guelleh (b. 1947) to run for a third term, which happened in 2011, when
Guelleh was re-elected. The constitutional amendment resulted in more protests.
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