Brunei
OFFICIAL NAME: Negara Brunei Darussalam
CAPITAL CITY: Bandar Seri Begawan
POPULATION: 408,800 (2011)
AREA: 5,270 km²
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (S): Malay, English, Chinese
RELIGION: Muslims 67%, Buddhists 13%, Christians 10%, indigenous religions and 10%
COIN: brunei-dollar
CURRENCY CODE: BND
ENGLISH NAME: Brunei
INDEPENDENCE: 1984
POPULATION COMPOSITION: Malays 62%, Chinese 15%, tribes (including iban) 6%, others 17%
GDP PER residents: $ 24800 (2007)
LIFE EXPECTANCY: men 75 years, women 79 years (2007)
INDEX OF LIVING CONDITIONS, HDI: 0.871
INDEX OF LIVING CONDITIONS, POSITION: 34
INTERNET DOMAIN NAME: .bn
Brunei, independent Islamic sultanate of NW Borneo. The country is divided
into two enclaves, both surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak. Brunei
has a significant oil and gas production, and measured in GDP per. population,
it is one of the richest countries in the world.
The sultan has autocratic power, and formally the country's national fortune
is his personal property; he is thus one of the richest men in the world with a
fortune estimated at 30-40 billion. dollars.
National flag
The flag was developed during the 1900-t. A completely yellow tablecloth was
the sultan's flag, but in 1906 the diagonal white and black stripe was added as
a mark of British patronage. In 1959, the flag was officially fixed and the
state emblem, whose main figure is the Islamic lying crescent, was inserted.
Geography
According to AllCityPopulation.com,
the population living particularly in coastal cities area and
preferably consists of Malays (about 2/3) and Chinese
(~ 15%). Indigenous tribes, who live by traditional sweating in the interior of
the country, make up the remaining small part.
- Countryaah:
Do you know how many people there are in Brunei? Check this site to see
population pyramid and resident density about this country.
Agriculture occupies only 5% of the area and 80% of the food is
imported. Apart from the sweat farm, agriculture is run mainly as a side
business. The main crops are rice, coconut, cassava and various animal products.
Absolutely dominant for the country's economy is the oil and gas
sector. Oil and especially gas production contribute 50% of GDP. Production
takes place offshore in the South China Sea and is handled by Royal Dutch Shell
in a joint venture with the Sultan. The natural gas is cooled and
exported as liquefied gas; Japan is declining almost all production.
The industrial sector is small and mainly linked to oil and gas. Wage costs
in affluent Brunei are, in the context of Southeast Asia, high in relation to
the skills of the workforce. The construction industry has been very large, but
was slowed down by low oil prices in the 1980's and 1990's. The public service
sector is significant; Malays are preferred for these duties, while the Chinese
are particularly employed in the oil, construction and trade sectors.
The large national wealth is mainly invested in long-term government debt
securities from OECD countries. Together with the export earnings, the annual
return on these investments finances public expenditure, including an expanded
social, health and education system. Thus, there is no personal income tax in
Brunei and import duties are irrelevant.
Nature. Most of Brunei is tropical rainforest and swampy coastal
areas; the precipitation varies from 2500 mm at the coast to 3800 mm inland. The
infrastructure reflects the location of population and production; the road
network is not extensive and completely concentrated in the coastal region.
History
Brunei's excellent port played a commercial role as the center of an empire
on North Borneo, even before it became part of the Hindu Majapaite Empire
(1294-approx. 1479). From the 1400's. Islam began to spread throughout the Malay
world, and Brunei became the center of Islamic merchants' activities, especially
after the Portuguese occupied Malacca in 1511. Brunei's rajah (prince) converted
to Islam and began a major mission and conquest activity that brought Northwest
Borneo and the Sulu Islands under his rule. In the middle of the 1500's. Portugal
concluded a treaty with Brunei, which lay on the passage north of Borneo to the
East Indonesian Islands. Eventually, the Spaniards from the Philippines put an
end to Brunei's expansion to the east.
From 1841-81, the Sultan of Brunei ceded the Sarawak and Sabah territories to
European individuals and had to conclude treaties with Britain. In 1888 the
sultanate came under British protection; in 1906 it became a protectorate with a
British resident as the sultan's top adviser in all areas.
Brunei was occupied by Japan 1941-45. Rich deposits of oil, which had been
known before World War II, became after the war a prerequisite for a new status
for Brunei as a nation state. Unlike Sarawak and Sabah, who both became states
in Malaysia, the Sultan of Brunei preferred an independent country under British
protection (1979). In 1984, however, England definitively withdrew from the
territory. Brunei's goal is to achieve full membership in the regional Southeast
Asian cooperation organizations, and in 1984 the country became a member
of ASEAN. Brunei experienced an economic downturn during the low oil and gas
prices of the 1990's. The crisis intensified when the sultan's brother with
dubious business unleashed a major financial scandal with billions in
losses. However, rising gas prices have improved the economy since 1999.
Brunei is ruled by the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (b. 1946), but in 2004 a
parliament was opened with members appointed by the Sultan. The Constitution
also provides for the possibility of elected members, but no (2014) date has
been set for an election.
In 2014, the country decided to introduce Islamic law (sharia).
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